1) Discuss the basic principles of iron metabolism and absorption, and understand the complex pathophysiology of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF), with a focus on inflammation, hepcidin, and the subsequent impact on the clinical utility of oral vs. IV iron supplementation modalities in HF.

2) Recognize the robust impact of comorbid ID and HF, and describe the practical prognostic manifestations of ID on patient functional capacity, quality of life, and morbidity and mortality outcomes.

3) Review the essential utility of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) as diagnostic laboratory indices for ID, and differentiate the practical distinctions between functional and absolute iron deficiency.

4) Appraise existing, ongoing, and planned clinical trials of IV iron therapies for ID in HF, and identify pivotal trials that have influenced current practice and consensus guidelines for ID management in HF (ESC and ACC/AHA/HFSA).

5) Distinguish among the FDA-approved IV iron agents, including recent dosing recommendations, indications, and the pharmacologic nuances that yield unique clinical utility and impact.

6) Using a real-world, case-based format, analyze the evolving placement of IV iron products in the HF treatment calculus, with emphasis on the evidence-driven translation of recent trial data into clinical practice.